How the Spine Works
Your spine is a complex and amazing structure made up of 24 bones (vertebrae), 33
discs, and a network of muscles, ligaments, and nerves. It has three main functions:
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To protect the spinal cord: The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that
runs through the centre of the spine and connects the brain to the rest of the body.
The vertebrae protect the spinal cord from damage.
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To provide support and balance: The spine helps to keep your body upright
and allows you to move and bend.
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To allow movement: The spine is flexible and allows you to move your
head, neck, and torso in different directions.
Causes of Back Pain
Back pain is a common problem that affects people of all ages. There are many
different causes of back pain, including:
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Muscle strain: Caused by overuse of the back muscles, such as from
lifting heavy objects or poor posture.
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Disc herniation: When a disc bulges out and presses on a nerve.
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Spinal stenosis: A narrowing of the spinal canal that can put pressure
on the spinal cord and nerves.
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Arthritis: Causes inflammation and pain in the spine joints.
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Osteoporosis: Weakens the bones, increasing fracture risk.
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Fractures: A vertebral fracture can cause severe back pain.
Back Pain in Different Regions of the Spine
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Back pain: Can occur anywhere but most common in neck, mid back, and
lower back.
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Neck pain: Caused by muscle strain, disc herniation, stenosis, arthritis,
or poor posture.
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Mid back pain: Often due to muscle strain, herniation, or rib/lung
issues.
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Lower back pain: The most common type. Causes include strain, herniation,
arthritis, fractures, or hip/leg problems.
Red Flag Symptoms
If you have any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention immediately:
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Severe back pain that does not improve with rest
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Back pain that radiates down your leg or arm
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Numbness or weakness in your legs or arms
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Loss of bladder or bowel control
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Fever
Tips for Maintaining a Healthy Back and Avoiding Injury
Things you can do to reduce risk of back pain:
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Maintain good posture: Stand straight, avoid slouching.
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Lift properly: Bend knees, keep back straight.
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Exercise regularly: Helps strengthen back-supporting muscles.
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Maintain a healthy weight: Extra weight stresses the spine.
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Avoid smoking: Damages discs and increases herniation risk.
If you're concerned about back pain, speak with your doctor to explore causes and
treatment options.